Types of Farm Machinery

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John ButlerFor the last 200 years, agricultural machines have undergone a lot of changes. Nowadays, farm industry is one of the best developing ones. Agricultural machines can be divided according to their functions:1.Machines meant for clearing and breaking ground.The well-known farm machinery of that kind is a plough. It is used for preparing soil for planting or sowing seed. It turns the ground over and, therefore, loosens it and buries weeds. Throughout the ages, this device has been transformed several times. In the past, ploughs were pulled either by horse or by ox. Most of modern ploughs are pulled mechanically, by tractor. 2.Machines meant for sowing seed (seeders).A god example from this category could be a drill. Drills space seeds in rows which are less than a foot apart. These machines can be either pushed by hand or by a horse. They consist of four main parts: a seed-box, a casting, a cylinder and a brush. 3.Machines cultivating plants.Cultivator is a farm machinery that performs a variety of actions connected with cultivating crops. For instance, it pulverizes and stirs the ground in order to remove weeds after the crop has started to grow. It also puts the surface of earth around crops. This machine is powered by tractor. There are a few kinds of cultivators, e.g. field, farm, garden or row crop cultivator. 4.Machines gathering crops.Reapers (or harvesting-machines) are the machines that cut and gather ripe crops. They consist of: cutting arrangement, sweep rakes that convey harvests to and from reapers and mechanical means that regulate gavels. In the past, farmers used hand reapers (harvest was either gathered by hand or cut with a scythe); currently the reapers are mechanical. 5.Machines preparing crops for sale.Among this kind of agricultural machines we must mention thrashing machines. They were invented in the 18th century to separate harvests from husks and stalks. This invention made the separation of grain less time-consuming. Thrashing machines can be divided into: thrashing and separating machines, thrashing and winnowing machines and thrashing and cleaning ones. To sum up, the agricultural industry has undergone many technological changes throughout years. Thanks to well-developed farm machinery, the processes of preparing soil, sowing seeds, cultivating plants, gathering crops and making them ready for the market are less time-consuming and easier.

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